French+and+Indian+War

__ A Tradition of Neglect __ __ The Colonies Divided __ __ The Struggle for the Continent __ __ New France and the Iroquois Nation __ __ Anglo-French Conflicts __ __ The Great War for the Empire __
 * About 50 years after the Glorious Revolution, parliament had a stronger role than the king
 * Robert Wapole believed that looser Navigation acts would generate more commerce for England
 * England really didn’t have any offices that managed the colonies
 * Most England officials hadn't any idea of what America was like
 * The officials that were in America who came from England didn’t really have a strong hand over the colonists
 * By 1750, American assemblies had claimed the right to levy taxes, make appropriations, approve appointments, and pass laws
 * Privy Council had the power to veto certain laws (colonies could reword/alter them and then pass the law)
 * Colonists thought of themselves as loyal English citizens
 * The colonies were very different and foreign to each other
 * The colonies were all connected even though they didn’t favor each other (Postal)
 * Ben Franklin's Albany Plan called for a central government in which the colonies would go under, but retain their own constitutions (the government would take care of Indian relations)
 * The colonists didn’t like the idea of coming together
 * The British won the Seven Years War and this cemented England as the greatest world power(cemented control over North America)
 * Religious and commercial conflict began to hurt the relationship between the French and English
 * Expansion of France in America
 * Fur trade (drew French Peasants)
 * French farmers were attracted to the Mississippi River valley (good farmland)
 * Cavalier de la Salle founded a territory that he called Louisiana (vast territory)
 * France had laid claim to the whole interior of America (tried to protect their territory by using forts and missions)
 * Quebec = center of French colonization
 * Shared territory with some Indians (good relationship)
 * The English and French had to earn the natives' trust by offering them things
 * English= material things
 * French= tolerance of native culture
 * Iroquois is the most powerful group of Indian tribes in continent
 * The Ohio Valley was a place of desire for the French, English, and Iroquois
 * A series of wars in Europe broke out between the English and French
 * England had rulers who opposed the French
 * King Williams War (1689-1697)
 * Queen Anne's War (1701)
 * The Treaty of Utrecht transferred some French land to the English
 * King George's War (1744-1748) --> French vs. English
 * The French began building forts in the Ohio valley --> the English saw this as a threat (militarized)--> the Iroquois soon lost control in this area
 * The Iroquois allied with the British
 * Became the French and Indian War
 * The French and Indian war was mostly a war fought in North America ( the British did little to assist the Indians and colonists)
 * The French and Indian War had been going on at the same time as the Seven Years' War in Europe --> the main countries in this war was England and France
 * William Pitt (English Secretary of State) began an effort to strengthen the English chances in America
 * Took full command
 * The British began to force colonists to enlist in the army
 * The Americans were forced to give up their supplies and house British troops
 * The colonists resented these rules--> they had been fighting without the help of the British for two years (riots broke out)
 * To fix problems with colonists, Pitt reimbursed the colonists, gave them power over recruitment, and brought in additional troops
 * The tide of the battle began to turn
 * Fort Louisbourg and Duquesne was taken
 * The seizing of Quebec pretty much ended the war for the Americans
 * Acadians from Nova Scotia were scattered in English colonies and some went to Louisiana (forcefully by British)
 * England used violent war tactics
 * The Peace of Paris ended the war and granted England French territory
 * This war caused England to be in debt, England began resenting the colonial people for their military inepitude, and their little money put into the war
 * The Indians who had allied with Britain did not get the Ohio valley after the war (they wanted this, but England kept it)