Jefferson's+Presidency

Jefferson's Presidency
 * Election of 1800
 * Jefferson vs. Burr
 * Tie in the popular vote so Congress would decide who wins by giving each State a single vote no matter what and Jefferson was elected President
 * Marburry vs. Madison
 * Lewis and Clark
 * Napoleonic Wars
 * Jefferson's response to the Napoleonic Wars was to embargo everything so US ships could not go anywhere
 * he did this so France would stop pressuring the US to trade with them and,
 * Britain would stop pressuring the US to trade with them
 * Americans get

__ The Federal City and the "People's President" __ __ Dollars and Ships __ __ Conflict With the Courts __ __ Jefferson and Napoleon __ __ The Louisiana Purchase __ __ Lewis and Clark Explore the West __ __ The Burr Conspiracy __
 * The national capital was moved to the District of Columbia
 * Washington D.C really didn’t develop under Jefferson
 * Members of Congress really didn’t like the accommodations the capital had
 * Jefferson was a very aristocratic man, but he played it off very well in his presidency
 * A very intelligent and creative man
 * Architect, educator, inventor, scientific farmer, and philosopher-scientist
 * Put most political jobs in the hands of Republicans by end of first term
 * He gave orders and used his power as president
 * When Jefferson was reelected in 1804, Republicans gained more seats in both houses
 * In 1802 the Jefferson administration persuaded congress to abolish all internal taxes
 * Except custom duties and the sale of western lands for revenue for government
 * Reduced government spending
 * Cut national debt in half
 * Scaled down the armed forces ( didn’t want people to feel intimidated)
 * Believed a big navy might promote overseas commerce (wanted an agricultural society)
 * Later built up the Naval fleet in response to threats by Barbary pirates (they were demanding protection money for nations that sailed the Mediterranean, but U.S didn’t oblige)
 * U.S didn’t go to war (reached an agreement)
 * Had to pay 60,000 dollars to get American prisoners caught by the pirates
 * The Republicans wanted to repeal the Judiciary Act of 1801 (trying to get rid of federalist judges)
 * In the case of Marbury vs. Madison, the supreme court ruled that Madison had a right to his commissions, but they couldn’t do anything about it
 * John Marshall (a very important Federalists supreme court judge) made the Judiciary Branch as important as the executive and legislative branches
 * Jefferson urged Congress to impeach obstructive judges
 * Justice Samuel Chase (did not get the 2/3 vote from congress to impeach)
 * Impeachment would not be used as an everyday weapon
 * Napoleon wanted to restore French power in America
 * Wanted to regain lands west of the Mississippi
 * Treaty of San Ildefonso (secret)
 * Between France and Spain in which France gained back Louisiana (vast territory)
 * Napoleon believed Louisiana would become the heart of the French Empire in America
 * Napoleon believed the West Indies would be a place France could thrive in the Western Hemisphere
 * However slaves began revolting (inspired by French and American revolutions)
 * When Jefferson found out about Napoleon's ideas with America he appointed Robert R. Livingston as American minster to Paris
 * The lower Mississippi River was closed to Americans by Spanish intendant
 * Jefferson either would have to deal with the French and maybe go to war with them or deal with Americans and lose support if he didn’t get the port reopened
 * Napoleon sold America the entire region of Louisiana (On Livingston's authority, Jefferson just wanted New Orleans)
 * Napoleon knew he couldn’t set up a French Empire in America
 * Yellow fever epidemic
 * Lack of soldiers
 * Preparing for a war in Europe
 * Livingston and James Monroe signed the agreement on April 30, 1803
 * 15 million dollars
 * Certain commercial privileges were to be granted to the French in using the Mississippi River
 * Citizens of Louisiana were to have the same rights as those of American citizens
 * Jefferson was uncertain weather the government had the authority to make land purchases
 * His advisors saw this as being under the government's power to make treaties
 * The state of Louisiana admitted in 1812
 * Jefferson set out an expedition to the Pacific, past the Mississippi
 * Meriwether Lewis
 * William Clark
 * Had Sacajawea as their guide
 * Jefferson also sent out other explorers while Lewis and Clark were away
 * Zebulon Pike
 * The Federalists didn’t like the idea of expanding
 * The more states there were, the less power the government had
 * The Essex Junto were extreme Federalists (Massachusetts) who proposed that they should separate from the Union
 * Northern Confederacy
 * Alexander Hamilton did not agree with this idea
 * Federalists then turned to Aaron Burr
 * Accepted proposal that he would become governor of New York
 * There were rumors that he would accept plans for secession
 * Hamilton accused Burr of treason
 * Burr lost the New York election and blamed Hamilton
 * Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel in which Hamilton was killed
 * Burr was forced to flee
 * James Wilkerson and Burr had a plan to take Mexico from Spain (Burr would rule)
 * Wilkerson turned against Burr and reported to the president that treason was occurring
 * Burr was brought to Washington and tried (he was acquitted)
 * This conspiracy showed how weak the federal government was, and to show how people were willing to do things for power


 * The American system was a plan for the federal government to make internal improvements
 * Make the west grow more quickly
 * Clay recognized that sectional conflict would be the thing that would break the country apart
 * If you bind the country together with roads then you will keep the country together economically and politically
 * Not passed