The+Growth+of+New+England

The Growth of New England

__ Plymouth Plantation __ __Massachusetts Bay Experiment__ __Expansion of New England__ __Settlers and Natives__ The Pequot War
 * 1)  A group of Separatists called the Scrooby group immigrate to Virginia in hopes of creating a close knit Christian community, they obtain the funds from English Merchants in exchange for a portion of the profits they will make over the next seven years
 *  They are led by William Bradford
 * 1)  They departed on September 1620 35 "saints" (Puritan Separatists) and 67 "strangers" (people who were not full members of the leaders' church)
 * 2)  Their original destination was the Hudson River (New York) but they wound up in Cape Cod because they arrived to late in the season to keep going
 * 3)  Captain John Smith named this place "Plymouth"
 *  This territory lay outside of the London Company's and as a result 41 males signed a document, the Mayflower Compact, that established a civil government and proclaimed their allegiance to the King
 * 1)  December 21, 1620 the Pilgrims stepped foot on Plymouth Rock
 * 2)  Half the colony died the first winter
 * 3)  A smallpox epidemic brought by the Pilgrims wiped out the surrounding Indian Population
 * 4)  The English demand for furs, animal skins, and meat greatly depleted the number of wild animals which led to America being introduced to new domesticated livestock, and new crops
 * 5)  The Pilgrims cultivated many of the crops from the New World and sent them back to England and England sent them many animals and crops
 * 6)  Soon the American landscape looked very European
 * 7)  The Pilgrims had an easier relationship with the Indians because of their depleted numbers, the Indians were weakened and knew they had to get along with the Pilgrims
 *  The Indians helped the Pilgrims to survive by showing them how to grow crops, gather seafood, and hunt
 *  The Puritans had a Pawtuxet boy who they taught how to speak English and help them form an alliance with another tribe
 * 1)  After that first harvest in 1621 the Indians were invited to celebrate October festival with the pilgrims, marking the first Thanksgiving
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> The Pilgrims are not turning a profit, and in the 13 years they have been there the smallpox has managed to wipe out most of the Indians surrounding them
 * <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> In 1622 Miles Standish, military officer and one of the leaders, established a strict system to discipline the settlers. Eventually the Pilgrims began to make profits
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> In 1621 Bradford convinced the Council for New England to give them legal permission to live there and ended the communal labor system Standish had instilled and divided up the land among the families
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> He and a group of undertakers had managed to pay off the debts they owed to their financers in England
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> Even though the Pilgrims were a poor community, they hung on to the belief that God had put them there to establish a truly Christian society
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> Due to the success of the Pilgrims, strong interest in establishing colonies grew among other Puritans
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> A group of puritan merchants obtained a charter for land in New Hampshire and Massachusetts and created the Massachusetts Bay Company and in 1629 set out for the New World
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> Among these people were devout Puritans who had a holy dream and decided once they got to New England they would buy out their investors
 * 4) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> John Winthrop was chosen to be governor
 * 5) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> He organized a 17 ship, 1000 person, family expedition with the intention of settling in America and not having to be responsible to people in England, only themselves
 * 6) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> The Port of Boston became the company's headquarters and capital. And over the next decade established many other cities
 * 7) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> The company soon evolved into a colonial government where all men were free men.
 * 8) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> Winthrop dominated the politics, but he still had to face re election every year
 * 9) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> Even though the colony was still tied to the Church of England, they acted on their own terms and regulated their own affairs. This parish became known as the congregational church
 * 10) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> The Massachusetts puritans were serious people and they believed that their establishment could serve as a model for the rest of the world
 * 11) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> The establishment was essentially a theocracy- the line between church and state was blurry. The church members were greatly influenced by the priests and the members had the political power and had the power to enforce a law forcing citizen attendance
 * 12) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> Their first winter a third of the colony died
 * 13) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> The very religious and political hierarchy allowed this society to keep a measure of social stability
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> As the population grew, so did the number of people who didn’t agree with the religious things and therefore didn’t have any political power. In turn they left the colony
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> Thomas Hooker, a minister of Cambridge, defied the Massachusetts government and led his congregation to settle in the Connecticut Valley where eventually two other establishments formed a colonial government and adopted a constitution known as the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> In 1639 the Fundamental Articles of New Haven was written and established an even stricter society than that in Boston.
 * 4) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> Roger Williams, a controversial young minister, said that the Massachusetts Church should abandon all allegiance to the English Church
 * <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> He then called for a complete separation of State and Church as to prevent the corruption of the Church
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> He was banished by the colonial government and spent the winter of 1635-1636 with a local Indian Tribe. He bought land from them and established Providence
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> Other communities followed and established Rhode Island
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> In 1644 Williams obtained a charter from Parliament permitting him to establish a government.
 * 4) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> This community was completely separate form religion and allowed all religions to practice freely
 * 5) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> Ann Hutchison: came to MA with her husband in 1634 antagonized the leader of the colony by saying that the people who had not undergone a conversion experience should have no right to be in a position of authority in the congregation
 * <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> She then said that all but two ministers in MA were not fit
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> She was also offended by the role women were playing in the puritan society and led a movement of women who wanted to be more involved in religious affairs
 * <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> Among these followers were also people who resented the oppressive colonial government
 * <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> The government tried to put a stop to her, but failed and as a result Winthrop was not re elected
 * <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> But the next year he was and he put Hutchison on trial for heresy
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> As a result of this she was accused of sedition and banished from society because she was seen as not fit for the society. She claimed she had communicated with the holy spirit which was strictly against Puritan beliefs
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> As a result of Hutchinson's behavior, the clergy began to restrict the activity of women in the congregation even further and many of her followers began to migrate out of MA bay and into NH and Maine.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> Captain John Mason and sir Ferdinand Gorges received a grant from the Council for New England in 1629 and divided the land into two separate sections along the Piscataquis River. Unfortunately, despite their efforts, few people moved there until the religious movements in MA.
 * 4) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> In 1639 John Wheelwright, a Hutchison follower, led some other believers into Exeter, NH. Other people soon followed and New Hampshire became a separate colony in 1679. Maine still remained part of MA.
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> The Indian population had been almost extinguished in New England, and the Indians often sold land to the settlers, aiding them because it was already cleared. Some Indians even began to convert to Christianity, they were called "praying Indians"
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> The Natives also served as vital trading partners, especially in the Fur Trade
 * <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> They were also important in the manufacturing department
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> As the colonists grew, the wild animals were being depleted. And the need to raise livestock grew. This also meant they were constantly trying to gain new lands.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> The Puritans took to a different view of the natives and tried to convert them to Christianity
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> English settlers in the Connecticut Valley and the Pequot Indians in 1637 over competition for trade with the Dutch in New York and land disputes. The English took up with two other Native tribes
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> King Phillip's War: King Phillip is the leader of the Wampanoag who led them in a war against the MA colonies.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Arial; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: middle;"> Flintlock Musket: the Indians made good use of the Flintlock rifle. The Indians were quicker to utilize them than the British. These rifles were one of the reasons the war had been so deadly