English+Colonies

__**Commercial Colonies**__ Seperatist Puritans – wanted new land for religious purity

English Company’s were for profit

South of D.C. was for profit land, North was religious people

England
 * People were facing enclosure
 * Sheep were fenced in, now people cannot use that land to grow food and such
 * Lose livelihood
 * Figured they could get a hunk of land in America and solve the problems they were facing in Britain

Mercantilism
 * Britain
 * More gold you have, the less other countries have because gold is finite
 * More gold + silver = more power
 * Wealth = political power
 * Maximize exports, minimize imports
 * Colonies
 * 1) Can supply country with materials that otherwise might have been imported
 * 2) Can make them buy from you
 * There were laws that assured colony bought from motherland
 * 1) More land = more power

Chartered Company
 * Charter = permission from king to take land
 * King gets a percent of profit
 * King wants colonies developed, but doesn’t want to spend money
 * Companies offer to develop land for him, send him part of profit
 * Companies like this need investors
 * Joint-Stock company
 * Each investor owns percentage of company

__**Religious Colonies**__ Mayflower Compact
 * Were allowed to go to mouth of Hudson
 * End up around Boston because of weather
 * According to charter, though, cannot be there
 * This was the deal they made
 * Said they were going to form a new government
 * Decided to stick together
 * Make decisions together
 * First democratic government
 * 2/3 of boat was not Puritan Separatists, they were “strangers”
 * People who were not part of church

Mass. Bay Company
 * Puritans find company
 * Obtain charter from king to New Hampshire, Mass.
 * Want profit and secretly a holy land
 * Buy investors out, basically have no investors
 * Sailed over to America on Arbela
 * Minister: John Winthrop
 * Calls them together in rain and speaks sermon
 * Roughly: ‘If we make it through this storm, we are chosen ones and must set example’
 * Would go to hell

Proprietary Colonies

Restoration Colonies Significant colonies: __The English Civil War__ The Carolinas __New Netherland, New York, New Jersey__ Establishment in New Jersey __Quaker Colonies__
 * Virginia
 * Massachusetts
 * Maryland
 * Connecticut
 * Rhode Island
 * New Hampshire
 * Charles I had caused tensions with Parliament. He dissolved them twice in two years, and so they rebelled.
 * Cavaliers vs. roundheads (puritan parliament supporters)
 * The king is killed, and sometime later his son comes out of exile and takes the throne. Called the Stuart Restoration
 * Begins colonization again:
 * Carolina
 * NY
 * NJ
 * PA
 * Established for Propriety value- modeled after Maryland
 * Modeled after Maryland and the men received knightly powers over the grant, they expanded it from there to the Florida Peninsula
 * The lords were hoping for a profit as land lords the colony had religious freedom and the men intended to sell off the land
 * They founded the town of Charlestown
 * The Fundamental Constitution for Carolina: written in 1669 it established a system of land distribution and social order
 * The north and south are not united. Northerners were backwoods settlers while the Southerners were more aristocratic and the fertile lands made it profitable
 * Through SC trade with the Barbados they soon began to pick up slaves.
 * In 1664 the English sailed into New Amsterdam and forced the governor to surrender under the agreement that the Dutch citizens wouldn’t be displaced
 * There was religious freedom and a lot of diversity
 * The class system there was very diverse- big land owners, fur traders, ect.
 * New Jersey became a royal colony after its governor failed to make a profit. It was for the most part a farming colony
 * They are created by Quakers who wanted their own religion and social order
 * The Society of Friends: deeply religious people who believed that they should fear God and rejected ideas such as predestination and original sin (Quakers). All people had an inner light that could lead them to their destiny. Women were also given a fairly equal position in the Church unlike Puritans. Very democratic and anti violence
 * William Penn- a rich man attracted to the Quaker faith. Charles II was in debt with him and didn’t have money so he gave him almost total power of a mineral rich plot of land, called Pennsylvania. He wanted it to profit, but it never did. He had good relations with the Indians, many immigrants (cosmopolitan)
 * Charter of Liberties- people are unhappy with how much power Penn had so he agreed to this charter that established a representative assembly and allowed the lower counties their own separate assemblies as well