Stirrings+of+Revolt

__ Burdens of Empire __ __ The British and the Tribes __ __ The Colonial Response __ __ The Stamp Act Crisis __ __ The Townshend Program __ __ The Boston Massacre __ __ The Philosophy of Revolt __ __ The Tea Excitement __ __ New Sources of Authority __ __ Lexington and Concord __
 * The colonists were reluctant to be taxed and didn’t really give Britain any money
 * The colonists defied the British authorities during the French and Indian War
 * The size of America had almost doubled by the end of the French and Indian War
 * More space for population
 * There was disagreement amongst settlers and English officials on what should happen to the newly acquired land
 * Britain was spending a lot of money for the protection and development of the colonies
 * George II took over the English Monarch (he was a very incapable leader)
 * Appointed George Grenville as prime minister --> believed it was time for the colonists to pay up
 * The Proclamation of 1763 - permitted any settlers to settle in lands further than the Appalachian mountains
 * England would control the flow of people to the west
 * The relationship between the British and Indians were made better
 * This failed
 * British troops would now be stationed in America
 * The colonist would have to assist in maintaining the army (Mutiny Act of 1765)
 * The sugar act was created to eliminate trade between foreign countries and the colonists
 * The Currency Act of 1764
 * The Stamp act imposed a tax on all things printed
 * The revenue collected from the colonies had increased
 * These taxes at first were not questioned by the colonists (they believed the problems amongst each colony was bigger
 * Regulator Movement
 * A movement by North Carolina farmers because they didn’t want to pay taxes set by the colonial governor
 * Began using weapons to resist tax collectors
 * Battle of Alamance
 * By 1763, Britain began issuing laws in the colonies that caused grievances amongst the colonists
 * Loss in commerce
 * Taxation
 * Closing of land spread to the West
 * England needed money from colonies to pay for war debt
 * The colonists began to think that this wasn’t right and that something will happen to stop this mistreatment
 * The colonists were determined to protect the right to self-govern (they wanted to protect rights that they already had)
 * The Stamp Act was one of the most important taxes established that brought the colonists closer together
 * The people of the colonies figured out that the Stamp Act was a way for the English government to raise revenue from the colonies without their consent and not for commerce reasons
 * They figured that if that if this tax passes uncontested then other law/taxes would come
 * Patrick Henry spoke out against the king of England
 * Believed that Americans had the same rights as English citizens (believed the colonists only had to pay taxes issused by the Virginia Assembly
 * James Otis called a meeting to challenge the stamp act
 * The Sons of Liberty started riots and made their views known
 * Attacked English appointed officials
 * The colonists stopped buying English goods in protest of the Stamp Act --> Merchants were forced to ask the English throne to repeal it ( March 18, 1766)
 * However, when they repealed the stamp act, they put into effect the Declaratory Act (gave Britain full control over colonies
 * The marquis of Rockingham was fired because the wealthy British land owners thought they were going to be taxed if the colonists weren't
 * William Pitt was put in his place
 * Charles Townshend evidently took over because William Pitt was too ill
 * Mutiny Act - colonists had to provide quarters and supplies for British troops (colonists didn’t like this because it was mandatory)
 * Townshend proposed the disbandment of the New York Assembly (didn’t want to house troops) and new taxes on goods from England
 * The Massachusetts assembly sent out letters to all government delgations to stand up against the taxes
 * Townshend added better custom houses (stopped smuggling throughout the country)
 * When Townshend all the taxes he created were killed except the tax on tea
 * The colonists didn’t like the presence of the redcoats in the city
 * British troops competed with colonists for jobs (not good)
 * Britiah troops ended up killing five people in a skirmish in from of a custom house (Boston Massacre)
 * Samuel Adams was an advocate of the Boston Massacre
 * Samuel Adams frequently spoke out against the policies the English were putting in effect against the colonies
 * He was a man of morals (believed England was a place of sin)
 * Some people in England didn’t even like the English government
 * Some people in England and the colonists believed the system of checks and balances were threatened by the power of the king
 * Americans believed they should only be taxed with their own consent
 * Parliament didn’t have a representative that represented a group of people
 * Americans believed an actual representative should be there
 * The colonists believed that their governments should have some type of sovereign power and that parliament can have power concerning other things
 * The custom agents that remained in America almost always harassed merchants
 * Talk of revolution was going through the colonies
 * Parliament imposed the Tea Act of 1773 on the colonists
 * Angered colonial merchants who didn’t want to become bankrupt
 * Taxation without representation
 * The British East India Company didn’t have to pay the taxes at customs (could monopolize the tea industry)
 * Large boycotts
 * Women had been important during this time (Daughters of Liberty)
 * People made plans so that the tea from the British company wouldn’t arrive or leave colonial ports (Boston Tea Party) --> the Massachusetts colonists were punished for this
 * Coercive Acts = Intolerable Acts
 * Closed port of Boston
 * Reduced self-government
 * Permitted for the housing of troops
 * The colonists would make colonial authorities to take over certain governmental offices that were dissolved by English parliament
 * Committees of Correspondence (a group that performed political functions)
 * Virginia took the lead in bringing the colonies and colonists together
 * The First Continental Congress met in 1774 (everyone except Georgia)
 * Passed legislature that would help the colonies
 * Some of the colonists thought they could win an economic fight over Britain (quick, bloodless)
 * Parliament passed legislature (Lord North's) to have the colonies tax themselves on parliament's demand
 * Believed this would split the colonies
 * Some of the colonists believed they would have to fight
 * People had begun to train like minutemen
 * Their was unsurness from British officers to stop the American people from creating an army
 * England believed if they should attack, they will back down
 * The English forces decided to seize gunpowder stored close to Lexington
 * Paul Revere and William Dawes rode out to tell the people the British were coming
 * The first shots were fired in Lexington (the shots heard around the world)
 * Beginning of the Revolutionary War

Salutary Neglect and Albany Plan French and Indian War Stamp Act Crisis Townshend Program Boston Massacre Tea Party
 * See Also**: